Table 1 Comparison of clinical characteristics between groups

Age

57.9 ± 8.2

61.0 ± 8.9

t = 1.386

0.171

Sex (male/female)

26/16

30/9

χ ² = 2.138

0.158

BMI

21.5 ± 3.5

22.8 ± 3.3

t = −1.424

0.159

Diabetes

2 (4.8)

0 (0)

0.494^a

Hypertension

5 (11.9)

5 (12.8)

1 ^a

Coronary artery disease

2 (4.8)

2 (5.1)

1 ^a

Pathologic stage

 I

12 (28.6)

13 (33.3)

0.784 ^a

 II

16 (38.1)

12 (30.8)

 III

14 (33.3)

13 (33.3)

 IV

0 (0)

1 (2.6)

Location of tumour

 Upper

12 (28.6)

6 (15.4)

0.383 ^a

 Middle

24 (57.1)

27 (69.2)

 Lower

6 (14.3)

6 (15.4)

Surgical approach

 MIE

24 (57.1)

28 (71.8)

χ ² = 1.889

0.246

 Open

18 (42.9)

11 (28.2)

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy

7 (16.7)

5 (12.8)

χ ² = 0.152

0.762