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Fig. 2 | World Journal of Surgical Oncology

Fig. 2

From: Comparison between completely and traditionally retroperitoneoscopic nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial cancer

Fig. 2

Operative view of main surgical steps. u ureter, k kidney, v renal vein, a renal artery. a Nephrectomy and mobilization of proximal ureter. The ureter is clamped by Hem-o-lok. b Distal ureter is dissected in the pelvic cavity. c Distal ureter with the bladder cuff marked with black dotted line. d The cutting margin of the required bladder cuff marked with yellow dotted line. e The bladder cuff is cut by endoscopic gastrointestinal automatic stapler. f The cutting margin of the required bladder cuff marked with yellow dotted line

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