Intraoperative infusion of branched-chain amino acids in patients undergoing gastrointestinal tumor surgery

Table 2 Changes in nasopharyngeal temperature and plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, and free fatty acids

Factors	Variables	BCAA (N = 20)	AA (N = 21)	NS (N = 20)	P*
T (°C)	T ₀	36.77 ± 0.37	36.56 ± 0.35	36.61 ± 0.37	0.177
	T ₁	36.51 ± 0.31	36.40 ± 0.35	36.35 ± 0.39	0.335
	T ₂	36.21 ± 0.35	36.26 ± 0.35	36.16 ± 0.47	0.709
	T ₃	35.89 ± 0.42	36.17 ± 0.36	35.82 ± 0.56	0.040
	T ₄	36.39 ± 0.40	36.34 ± 0.34	36.05 ± 0.49	0.029
BG (mmol·L⁻¹)	T ₀	5.12 ± 0.89	5.11 ± 0.45	4.83 ± 0.92	0.436
	T ₁	5.47 ± 0.78	5.48 ± 0.56	5.15 ± 1.02	0.349
	T ₂	5.87 ± 0.92	6.32 ± 0.61	5.92 ± 1.39	0.297
	T ₃	5.96 ± 0.95	7.61 ± 1.24	6.05 ± 2.07	0.001
	T ₄	6.09 ± 1.33	7.21 ± 1.28	7.05 ± 1.84	0.045
Insulin (μU·mL⁻¹)	T ₀	4.38 ± 2.40	4.41 ± 3.69	3.34 ± 2.50	0.276
	T ₁	6.85 ± 4.46	6.87 ± 5.46	3.17 ± 3.03	0.016
	T ₂	6.86 ± 4.78	16.12 ± 12.25	2.18 ± 2.05	0.000
	T ₃	12.72 ± 7.83	28.89 ± 21.10	2.57 ± 1.62	0.000
	T ₄	10.56 ± 5.53	8.55 ± 6.09	4.03 ± 2.98	0.001
FFA (mmol·L⁻¹)	T ₀	0.86 ± 0.30	0.80 ± 0.37	0.96 ± 0.29	0.288
	T ₁	0.66 ± 0.26	0.59 ± 0.25	0.78 ± 0.26	0.075
	T ₂	0.47 ± 0.14	0.39 ± 0.16	0.59 ± 0.23	0.003
	T ₃	0.42 ± 0.19	0.89 ± 0.30	0.74 ± 0.37	0.000
	T ₄	0.37 ± 0.19	0.58 ± 0.24	0.86 ± 0.40	0.000

Data are represented as mean ± standard deviation. Italicized texts indicate significance
Abbreviations: T nasopharyngeal temperature, BG blood glucose, FFA free fatty acids, BCAA branched-chain amino acids, NS normal saline, AA amino acids, T ₀ 30 min before induction, T ₁ 10 min after induction (before skin incision), T ₂ and T ₃ 30 min and 2 h after skin incision, T ₄ 1 h after extubation
*P mean value among three groups (one way ANOVA)

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