The prognostic importance of the number of metastases in pulmonary metastasectomy of colorectal cancer

Table 3 Multivariate analysis of factors associated with overall survival from pulmonary metastasectomy

Variables	Hazard ratio	95 % confidence interval	p value
Age, years
>70 vs. ≤70	1.95	1.22 ~ 3.02	0.007
Surgical approach
Open surgery vs. VATS	1.39	0.97–1.99	0.070
Lymph node dissection
LN (+) vs. no dissection	2.41	1.23–4.31	0.012
LN (+) vs. LN (−)	2.19	1.08–4.12	0.030
LN (−) vs. no dissection	0.63	0.74–1.61	0.627
Multiplicity
4+ vs. single	4.42	2.50–7.49	<0.001
4+ vs. 2–3	2.25	1.31–3.75	0.003
2–3 vs. single	1.96	1.28–2.96	0.002
Adjuvant chemotherapy
No vs. yes	1.77	1.25–2.47	0.002

Variables with a p value <0.10 were included in the multivariate analysis. Age is a continuous variable that was represented in groups for the Kaplan–Meier analysis. Definitions: LN (+), thoracic lymph node dissection was performed, and at least one lymph node was positive for malignant cells; LN (−), thoracic lymph node dissection was performed, and at least one lymph node was negative for malignant cells; no lymph node dissection, thoracic lymph node dissection was not performed. The Cox regression model was applied to identify risk factors for mortality and recurrence estimating the corresponding hazard ratios

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