Retrograde radical cystectomy and consequent peritoneal cavity reconstruction benefits localized male bladder cancer: results from a cohort study

Table 2 Detailed perioperative complication of 84 male patients who underwent RRC and consequent PCR

Category	Complication	Total ( n )
Gastrointestinal	Ileus^a	2
	Constipation^b	1
	Gastrointestinal bleeding	1
	Bowel leak	0
	Clostridium difficile colitis	0
	Gastric ulcer	1
Infectious	FUO	1
	UTI	12
	Sepsis	1
	Pyelonephritis	1
	Gastroenteritis	0
	Cholecystitis	0
	Pelvic abscess	2
Wound	Wound dehiscence	1
Wound	Surgical site infection	1
Genitourinary	Renal failure	0
	Hydronephrosis	2
	Urinary leak	1
	Necrosis of ileal conduit	0
	Parastomal hernia	0
	Testitis	1
Cardiac	Arrhythmia	1
	Myocardial infarction	1
	Acute heart failure	1
Pulmonary	Respiratory distress	0
Pulmonary	Pneumonia	1
Bleeding	Anemia requiring transfusion	2
Bleeding	Postoperative bleed other than GI	0
Thromboembolic	Deep venous thrombosis	1
Thromboembolic	Pulmonary embolism	0
Neurological	Peripheral neuropathy	1
Neurological	Delirium/agitation	0
Surgical	Vascular injury	1
	Anastomotic bowel leak	0
	Rectum injury	0
Miscellaneous	Lymphatic leak	11

n, the total number of patients within that category; FUO, fever of unknown origin; UTI, urinary tract infection; GI, gastrointestinal; PCR: peritoneal cavity reconstruction; RRC: retrograde radical cystectomy. ^aIleus is defined as postoperative nausea or vomiting associated with abdominal distension confirmed by radiological examination. ^bConstipation is defined as inability to have a bowel movement by postoperative day 5 with no signs of ileus or small bowel obstruction. Infectious complications were diagnosed by positive culture. Prolonged lymphatic leak is defined as more than 100-ml drainage output for 2 days starting from postoperative day 3.

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