Table 2 Summary of pooled risk estimates of pancreatic cancer in subgroups
From: Cruciferous vegetable consumption and the risk of pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis
Subgroup | No. of studies | Summary OR (95% CI) | Q -test for heterogeneity | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
I 2 score (%) | P value | |||
All studies | 9 | 0.78 (0.64, 0.91) | 46.0 | 0.063 |
Study design | ||||
Cohort | 4 | 0.87 (0.67, 1.06) | 23.0 | 0.273 |
Case–control | 5 | 0.72 (0.55, 0.89) | 53.1 | 0.074 |
Study quality | ||||
High | 5 | 0.78 (0.55, 1.01) | 64.4 | 0.024 |
Low | 4 | 0.80 (0.66, 0.94) | 0 | 0.431 |
Geographical region | ||||
USA | 4 | 0.62 (0.49, 0.76) | 6.5 | 0.36 |
Europe | 4 | 0.91 (0.74, 1.07) | 0 | 0.416 |
China | 1 | 0.92 (0.67, 1.21) | - | - |
Control smoking | ||||
Yes | 8 | 0.79 (0.63, 0.94) | 52.7 | 0.039 |
No | 1 | 0.76 (0.56, 1.00) | - | - |
Control DM | ||||
Yes | 6 | 0.76 (0.56, 0.96) | 60.8 | 0.026 |
No | 3 | 0.82 (0.67, 0.98) | 0 | 0.667 |
Control BMI | ||||
Yes | 5 | 0.80 (0.57, 1.03) | 67.0 | 0.017 |
No | 4 | 0.78 (0.64, 0.93) | 0 | 0.499 |