Table 2 Patient characteristics ( n  = 45)
Characteristics | Â | Number of patients (%) |
|---|---|---|
Gender | Male | 29 (64.4) |
| Â | Female | 16 (35.6) |
Age (years) | Median | 64 |
|  | Range | 43 − 81 |
Ratio of tumor reduction (%) |  | 43.7 ± 20.4* |
Histological regression | Low regression (Lo-R) | 28 (62.2) |
| Â | High regression (Hi-R) | 17 (37.8) |
Depth of tumor | pT0-pT2 | 23 (51.1) |
| Â | pT3-pT4 | 22 (48.9) |
Lymph node metastasis | Absent | 32 (71.1) |
| Â | Present | 13 (28.9) |
Lymphatic invasion | Absent | 38 (84.4) |
| Â | Present | 7 (15.6) |
Venous invasion | Absent | 19 (42.2) |
| Â | Present | 26 (57.8) |
Histological classification | Well-differentiated adenocarcinoma | 21 (46.7) |
| Â | Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma | 15 (33.3) |
| Â | Mucinous carcinoma | 1 (2.2) |
| Â | No cancer remaining | 8 (17.8) |