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Figure 1 | World Journal of Surgical Oncology

Figure 1

From: Persistent left superior vena cava: Review of the literature, clinical implications, and relevance of alterations in thoracic central venous anatomy as pertaining to the general principles of central venous access device placement and venography in cancer patients

Figure 1

Intraoperative venography performed by standard fluoroscopy in a non-digital subtraction fashion through a 9.6 French single lumen silicone catheter by way of a left cephalic vein cutdown approach. (A) Catheter tip is positioned in the region of the mid-portion of the left subclavian vein at a point at which some resistant to further advancement of the catheter was noted. (B) Catheter tip is positioned more centrally, but still horizontally, in the region of the left subclavian vein. (C) Catheter tip is positioned even more centrally and in a craniocaudal direction in the upper left paramediastinal border region.

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World Journal of Surgical Oncology

ISSN: 1477-7819

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