Figure 1

Potential mechanisms of malignant transformation by K⁺ channels. Increased expression of K⁺ channels on cell membrane results in increased influx of Ca²⁺ ions resulting in increased transition of cells through G1/S phase of cell cycle. The channels in presence of hypoxia lead to release of HIF1 and VGEF factor leading to increased angiogenesis and subsequent invasion and metastasis of tumours. The nuclear localisation sequence (NLS) in the C terminus on activation results in perinuclear localisation of the channel leading to activation of Mitogen activated protein kinase (MARP) pathway resulting in increased cell proliferation. The Eag channels also act through the Ca calmodulin pathway to activate cell proliferation.