Table 2 Risk factors for seroma formation derived from the multivariate logistic regression analysis

Age (years)

<40

-

-

1.00 (ref.)

40–49

0.68 (0.49)

1.92

0.16

1.99 (0.75–5.25)

>50

0.75 (0.48)

2.44

0.11

2.12 (0.82–5.44)

Tumor size (cm)

<2

-

-

1.00 (ref.)

2–5

0.38 (0.44)

0.74

0.38

1.46 (0.61–3.49)

>5

0.08 (0.52)

0.03

0.88

1.09 (0.39–3.00)

Nodal involvement (n = 152)

No

-

-

1.00 (ref.)

Yes

0.35 (0.43)

0.66

0.41

1.42 (0.60–3.35)

Surgical procedure

Breast conservation

-

-

1.00 (ref.)

Modified radical mastectomy

1.04 (0.52)

3.97

0.04

2.83 (1.01–7.90)

Surgical instrument

Scalpel

-

-

1.00 (ref.)

Cautery

0.60 (0.51)

1.36

0.24

1.83 (0.66–5.07)

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy

No

-

-

1.00 (ref.)

Yes

0.33 (0.55)

0.37

0.54

1.40 (0.47–4.13)

Pressure garment

Yes

-

-

1.00 (ref.)

No

0.51 90.46)

1.28

0.26

1.67 (0.67–4.11)

Axillary drainage time (days/n= 152)

>10

-

-

1.00 (ref.)

5–10

0.13 (0.59)

0.04

0.76

1.17 (0.41–3.32)

<5

0.16 (0.53)

0.09

0.82

1.14 (0.35–3.66)