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Table 8 Summary of the molecular alterations studied in the progression of Barrett's associated carcinogenesis (list none exhaustive).

From: Barrett's oesophagus and adenocarcinoma

Increased proliferation

 

Growth factors

Receptors/effectors

TGFα

 

EGF

EGFR

 

C-erb-B2 (Her-2/Neu)

TGFβ

TGFβR 2

 

Smad 4

 

p27

Mediators of inflammation

 

Cox-2

PKC

INOS

 

TNFα

β catenin, c-myc

Luminal components

 

Gastrin

CCK2

Bile salts

Cox-2

Acid

Cox-2

 

PKC

 

p38MAPK

 

JUNK

 

p44ERK

Oncogenes

 

Ras

 

Fos

 

Jun

 

c-myc

 

Cell cycle proteins

 

Cyclin D1, E, B1

 

Rb

 

p16

 

Avoidance of apoptosis

 

p53

p21(cip1/waf1)

Bcl-2

 

Bax

 

Increased invasive potential

 

Angiogenesis

 

FGF 1&2

 

VEGF

 

Cell-cell – adhesion

 

E-cadherin

 

α, β, γ catenin

 

APC

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