The effects of sonic hedgehog signaling pathway components on non-small-cell lung cancer progression and clinical outcome

Table 5 Relationship between the protein expression of Shh, Gli1, LYVE-1 and VEGF-D and non-small-cell lung cancer ^a

Clinicopathological features	Shh expression			Gli1 expression			LYVE-1 expression			VEGF-D expression
Clinicopathological features	Negative	Positive	P	Negative	Positive	P	Negative	Positive	P	Negative	Positive	P
Age, yr
<65	11	12	0.117	11	12	0.749	18	5	0.477	14	9	0.11
≥65	4	13		9	8		11	6		6	11
Gender
Female	4	6	1.00	5	5	1	6	4	0.418	5	5	1.00
Male	11	19		15	15		23	7		15	15
Histology
Nonsquamous	8	12	0.744	14	6	0.048^†	15	5	0.723	10	10	1.00
Squamous	7	13		6	14		14	6		10	10
Tumor size
<3 cm	11	14	0.273	12	13	0.744	19	6	0.716	13	12	0.744
≥3 cm	4	11		8	7		10	5		7	8
Node stage
0	9	18	0.498	12	15	0.311	21	6	0.451	14	13	0.736
1 to 2	6	7		8	5		8	5		6	7
VPI
No	13	11	0.01^†	12	12	1.00	17	7	1.00	12	12	1.00
Yes	2	14		8	8		12	4		8	8
LTE
No	13	22	1.00	17	18	1.00	29	6	0.001^†	18	17	1.00
Yes	2	3		3	2		0	5		2	3
Smoking history
No	7	12	0.935	10	9	0.752	13	6	0.583	10	9	0.752
Yes	8	13		10	11		16	5		10	11
Tumor recurrence
No	11	18	1.00	13	16	0.288	22	7	0.455	14	15	0.723
Yes	4	7		7	4		7	4		6	5
Distant metastasis
No	14	23	1.00	19	18	1.00	27	10	1.00	19	18	1.00
Yes	1	2		1	2		2	1		1	2

^aGli1, Glioma-associated oncogene homolog zinc finger protein 1; LTE, Lymphatic thromboembolism; LYVE-1, Lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1; Shh, Sonic hedgehog; VEGF-D, Vascular endothelial growth factor D; VPI, Visceral pleura invasion. P-values were calculated using Fisher’s exact test. ^†P < 0.05.