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Figure 1 | World Journal of Surgical Oncology

Figure 1

From: The effects of sonic hedgehog signaling pathway components on non-small-cell lung cancer progression and clinical outcome

Figure 1

Activation of the Shh signaling pathway and lymphangiogenesis in non-small-cell lung cancer. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on tumor tissues obtained from 40 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients for the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway (Shh, glioma-associated oncogene homolog zinc finger protein 1 (Gli1)) and lymphangiogenic factors (vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D), lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE-1)) using appropriate antibodies. Immunohistochemistry scores (IHC scores) were calculated from positive staining area percentages and intensity scores. Staining intensity scores were graded as follows: 0 = negative (A), 1 = weak (B), 2 = moderate (C) and 3 = strong (D). Scale bar = 50 μm. Positive area percentages were graded as follows: grade 0 (≤5%), 1 (6% to 15%), 2 (16% to 25%), 3 (26% to 50%), 4 (51% to 75%) and 5 (>75%). Positivity was determined using the following formula: IHC score = percentage score × staining intensity score. Positive expression was defined as an IHC score >6.

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