Skip to main content

Table 4 Multivariate analysis of overall survival

From: Expression levels of insulin-like growth factors and receptors in hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective study

Factor

Median overall survival (range)a

Univariate P value

Multivariate P value

Hazard ratio (95% confidence ratio)

Cirrhosis

 

0.506

  

Yes, n = 10

56 (29 to 83)

No, n = 17

77 (27 to 127)

Vascular invasion

 

0.020

0.048

4.477 (1.013 to 19.789)

Yes, n = 9

30 (22 to 38)

No, n = 18

72 (43 to 101)

Multiple tumors

 

0.469

  

Yes, n = 5

56 (35 to 77)

No, n = 22

72 (12 to 132)

Size >5 cm

 

0.448

  

Yes, n = 14

31 (0 to 73)

No, n = 13

72

Underlying liver disease

 

0.652

  

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, n = 13

30

Hepatitis C, n = 7

77

Alcoholic hepatitis, n = 2

22

Transformed adenoma, n = 2

Not reached

Other, n = 3b

31

Sex

 

0.275

  

Male, n = 14

72 (35 to 109)

Female, n = 13

43 (26 to 60)

Age

Not estimable

0.099

  

American Joint Committee on Cancer stage

 

0.212

  

I, n = 16

72 (8 to 136)

II, n = 8

31 (29 to 33)

III, n = 3

136

Grade

 

0.427

  

1, n = 13

72 (43 to 102)

2, n = 8

30

3, n = 4

Not estimable

Unknown, n = 2

13

Serum α-fetoprotein concentration

Not estimable

0.099

  

Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score

Not estimable

0.482

  

Higher IGF-1 expression in adjacent liver than tumor

 

0.006

0.040

7.889 (1.096 to 56.761)

Yes, n = 3

22 (0 to 54)

No, n = 24

72 (37 to 107)

  1. aRange not estimable in all categories. bOne patient each with fibrolamellar carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, and hemochromatosis.