Table 1 Characteristics of HCC patients with and without portal vein invasion

Gender

0.252

Male 

71 (85.5%)

842 (79.7%)

Female 

12 (14.5%)

214 (20.3%)

Age (years)

49 (20–72)

54 (19–82)

<0.001

Etiology

0.447

HBV 

63 (75.9%)

816 (77.6%)

HCV 

4 (4.8%)

54 (5.1%)

Alcohol 

4 (4.8%)

19 (1.8%)

Non-B, non-C 

10 (12.0%)

142 (13.5%)

Others 

2 (2.4%)

20 (1.9%)

Locoregional therapy

0.070

None 

64 (77.1%)

907 (85.9%)

TACE 

18 (21.7%)

127 (12.0%)

RFA 

1 (1.2%)

13 (1.2%)

TACE and RFA 

0 (0%)

9 (0.9%)

White blood cells (/uL)

5,730 (2,520–10,530)

5,460 (1,270–16,530)

0.103

Hemoglobin (g/dL)

14.3 (9.8–17.0)

14.2 (8.1–16.8)

0.360

Platelet counts (/uL)

174,000 (80,000–627,000)

160,000 (19,000–708,000)

0.125

INR

1.09 (0.93–1.32)

1.08 (0.84–1.59)

0.901

Albumin (g/dL)

4.1 (2.9–5.0)

4.1 (2.1–5.3)

0.423

Total bilirubin (mg/dL)

0.7 (0.2–3.5)

0.7 (0.2–4.3)

0.310

AST (U/L)

43 (23–283)

35 (14–353)

<0.001

ALT (U/L)

44 (17–288)

35 (13–385)

0.002

ALP (U/L)

93 (38–233)

79 (32–562)

<0.001

GGT (U/L)

105 (17–1,442)

49 (8–1,322)

<0.001

Creatinine (mg/dL)

0.86 (0.44–1.27)

0.88 (0.42–5.87)

0.586

Estimated GFR (mL/min)

98.6 (72.2–149.2)

89.4 (5.7–189.0)

0.003

CRP (mg/dL)

0.27 (0.04–28.62)

0.13 (0.01–22.24)

0.048

AFP (ng/mL)

813.2 (1.8–200,000)

26.4 (1.0–2,121,720)

<0.001

PIVKA-II (mAU/mL)

482.0 (12–1,200)

42.0 (2–2,000)

<0.001

Operation

<0.001

Anatomical 

61 (73.5%)

540 (51.1%)

Non-anatomical 

22 (26.5%)

516 (48.9%)

Hepatectomy

<0.001

Major 

50 (60.2%)

274 (25.9%)

Minor 

33 (39.8%)

782 (74.1%)

Resection

0.035

R ₀

77 (93.9%)

1029 (98.0%)

R ₁

5 (6.1%)

21 (2.0%)

Margin (mm)

10 (1–53)

10 (1–80)

0.331

Maximum tumor size (mm)

6.0 (1.4–17.5)

3.3 (0.2–21.0)

<0.001

Grade

0.001

1 and 2 

67 (80.7%)

976 (92.4%)

3 and 4 

16 (19.3%)

80 (7.6%)

Cirrhosis

40 (48.2%)

468 (44.3%)

0.494

Capsule formation

<0.001

None 

33 (39.8%)

69 (6.6%)

Complete 

35 (42.2%)

875 (83.2%)

Partial 

15 (18.1%)

108 (10.3%)

Bile duct invasion

7 (8.4%)

24 (2.3%)

0.005

Serosa involvement

2 (2.4%)

12 (1.1%)

0.272

Intrahepatic metastasis

41 (49.4%)

112 (10.6%)

<0.001

Multicentric occurrence

1 (1.2%)

57 (5.4%)

0.118

Hospitalization

9 (5–53)

9 (3–102)

0.932

Duration of Follow-up (months)

18 (5–68)

32 (3–82)

<0.001