Table 2 Cases of primary angiosarcoma involving the small intestine reported in the English literature
Authors | Sex/age (years) | Primary or secondary | Site | Immunohistochemical staining | History of prior radiation or other predisposing factor | Presentation | Treatment | Follow-up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maeyashiki et al. [11] | M/72 | Indeterminate | Small bowel | Positive for CD31, CD34 and factor VIII | None | Anemia, melaena | Resection and daily blood transfusions | Died on hospital day 103 |
Siderits et al. [12] | M/79 | Primary | Small bowel | Strongly positive for CD31 | None | Obstruction | Resection | Unknown |
Taxy and Battifora [13] | M/64 | Primary | Small bowel | Positive for Factor VIII, collagen type IV and vimentin | Not available | Gastrointestinal bleeding | Resection | Died 1 year after the initial diagnosis |
Taxy and Battifora [13] | F/57 | Primary | Small bowel | Positive for Factor VIII, collagen type IV | Not available | Not available | Resection | Died shortly after surgery |
Chami et al. [14] | M/59 | Primary | Small bowel | Weakly positive for factor VIII-related antigen, Ulex europaeus I antigen and cytokeratin | None | Gastrointestinal bleeding, bowel obstruction, anorexiaand weight loss | Resection and transfusions | Died on the 11th day after surgery |
Ordonez et al. [15] | M/80 | Primary | Small bowel | Positive immunoreaction for FVIII-RAG | None | Anemia, undue tiredness and weakness | Resection | Died on the 20th postoperative day |
Hwang et al. [16] | F/60 | Primary | Small bowel | Positive for Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 | History of radiotherapy | Diffuse abdominal pain | Resection | Died 2 months after discharge |
Mohammed et al. [5] | F/25 | Primary | Small bowel | Not available | None | Intermittent abdominal pain, weight loss, abdominal distension, hematemesis and malaena | Resection | Died on the 11th day after surgery |
Fraiman et al. [17] | M/85 | Primary | Small bowel | Strong positivity for vimentin and CD31; focal positivity for factor VIII and CD34 | None | Weight loss, anemia, weakness and abdominal pain | Resection and thalidomide | Not available |
Selk et al. [18] | M/57 | Primary | Small bowel | Not available | History of radiation therapy | Progressive abdominal distention and shortness of breath | Resection | Died 4 months after surgery |
Berry et al. [19] | M/51 | Primary | Small bowel | Positive for Ulex europaeus and vimentin | History of 3-year irradiation | Peritonitis | Resection, adriamycin and dacarbazine | Died 5 months after initial presentation |
Watanabe et al. [20] | M/64 | Primary | Duodenum and upper jejunum | Positive for vimentin and anti-endothelin-1 | Not available | Persistent gastrointestinal bleeding | Not available | Died of pulmonary metastasis 1 year after the operation |
Al Ali et al. [1] | M/87 | Indeterminate | Small bowel | Positive for CD31 | None | Lethargy, weakness and anemia | Resection | Died 6 weeks after the initial diagnosis |
Khalil et al. [21] | M/68 | Primary | Small bowel | Strongly positive for CD31, CD34 and vimentin | 30 year history of heavy occupational exposure to radiation and polyvinyl chloride | Gastrointestinal bleeding and melaena | Resection | Died 6 months after initial presentation |
Suzuki et al. [22] | F/61 | Primary | Ileum | Positive for factor VIII-related antigen and Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 | 20 year history of radiotherapy | Abdominal pain | Resection and intra-abdominal cisplatin | Died 1 year after initial presentation |
Cilursu [23] | F/74 | Indeterminate | Small bowel | Not available | Not available | Melaena | Resection | Not available |
Delvaux et al. [24] | M/67 | Primary | Small bowel | Positive for CD 31, CD 34, factor VIII-related antigen and keratin | Not available | Weight loss, intermittent severe abdominal pain and melaena | Resection | Died 3 months after diagnosis |
Policarpio-Nicolas et al. [25] | F/51 | Primary | Small bowel | Positive for CD 31, CD 34 and factor VIII-related antigen | History of irradiation | Abdominal pain | Resection | Died 10 months after laparotomy |
Hansen et al. [26] | F/76 | Primary | Small bowel | Positive for factor VIII and vimentin | History of irradiation | Watery diarrhea, vomiting, weight loss and abdominal pain | Resection | Died 5 months after operation |
Aitola et al. [27] | F/50 | Primary | Small bowel | Positive for CD 31, CD 34 and factor VIII-related antigen | ≥10 year history of radiotherapy | Intestinal obstruction | Resection followed by combination chemotherapy with doxorubicin | 1 year and 9 months after diagnosis, she was alive |
Aitola et al. [27] | F/78 | Primary | Jejunum | Positive for factor VIII-related antigen, CD31, CD34 and Ulex europaeus | ≥10 year history of radiotherapy | Intestinal obstruction | Resection | Died of sepsis 2 years after diagnosis |
Knop et al. [28] | M/72 | Primary | Small bowel | Not available | Not available | Gastrointestinal bleeding and anemia | Resection | Not available |
Ogawa et al. [29] | M/36 | Primary | Small bowel | Positive for factor VIII-related antigen | Not available | Abdominal pain and nausea | Surgical treatment | Not available |
de Mascarenhas-Saraiva et al. [30] | M/82 | Primary | Ileum | Not available | Not available | Melaena and increasing shortness of breath | Surgical treatment and transfusions | Not available |
Turan et al. [31] | Not available | Indeterminate | Jejunum | Not available | Not available | Acute abdominal signs | Resection and chemotherapy | Not available |
Liu et al. [32] | F/39 | Primary | Terminal ileum | Positive for CD31 and CD34 | None | Increasing right iliac fossa pain, abdominal bloating and vomiting | Resection and chemotherapy | Not available |
Kelemen et al. [33] | M/76 | Primary | Small bowel | Positive for CD31 | None | Abdominal pain and fatigue | Resection | Died of cardiac arrest on the 9th day after surgery |
Fohrding et al. [34] | M/84 | Primary | Small bowel | Positive for CD31, cytokeratin and vimentin; slightly weaker for CD34; Focally positive for factor VIII | Not available | Gastrointestinal bleeding | Resection, adjuvant chemotherapy with paclitaxel and transfusion | Not available |
Grewal et al. [35] | M/73 | Primary | Small bowel | Positive for CD31 | None | Gastrointestinal bleeding, weakness and melaena | Resection | Died within 4 months of the diagnosis |
M, male; F, female | ||||||||