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Figure 1 | World Journal of Surgical Oncology

Figure 1

From: Scapula alata in early breast cancer patients enrolled in a randomized clinical trial of post-surgery short-course image-guided radiotherapy

Figure 1

Physical measurements. Measured at five locations (marked with a dermographic pencil but not visible in the picture). The tape box has a push button to maintain the same tension. Abduction: running angle by lateral elevation, measured between the midline of the hemibody (goniometer’s arm in line with the ipsilateral posterior superior iliac spine), and the midline of the upper arm (goniometer’s arm in line with the lateral epicondyle of the humerus). Retroflexion: running angle by posterior elevation, measured between the midline of the body (goniometer’s arm in line downward with the trochanter major), and the midline of the upper arm (goniometer’s arm in line with the lateral epicondyle of the humerus). Anteflexion: running angle by anterior elevation, measured between the midline of the body (goniometer’s arm in line downward with the trochanter major), and the midline of the upper arm (goniometer’s arm in line with the lateral epicondyle of the humerus). Endorotation: the thumb as close as possible to C7. The number of vertebrae between C7 and the vertebra that can be reached with the thumb is marked as endorotation measurement. Scapular distance: with the patient’s arms held actively at 90° anteflexion, the distance of the scapula inferior angle to the spine, perpendicularly to the spine, is measured with a tape.

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