Figure 3

(a) Case 3. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy suggested esophageal cancer, and revealed a submucosal tumor of yellowish white at a position below the cancer. Total thoracic esophagectomy was performed and the submucosal tumor was also removed as a combined resection. The macroscopic diameter of the submucosal tumor was about 9 mm. (b) Case 4. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy performed for a screening purpose revealed a trapezoidal protruded lesion of yellowish-white at a position 30 cm from the incisor tooth.