From: The bidirectional interation between pancreatic cancer and diabetes
Biomarkers | Site | Expression levels | Role | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|
IAPP | Serum | Increased | Early stage of PanCa | [28] |
 | Tissue | Decreased | Early stage of PanCa | |
Glucagon/insulin ratio | Serum | Increased | Identify PanCa in patients with new-onset DM | [74] |
Adrenomedullin | Serum | Increased | Potential biomarker of PanCa-related DM | [75] |
Fatty acid binding protein-1 | Tissue | Increased | Diagnosis of PanCa | [76] |
A 14-amino-acid peptide from S100A8 | Serum | Increased | Identify PanCa in patients with new-onset DM | [38] |
Vanin-1 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 | Serum | Increased | Potential biomarker of PanCa-related DM | [77] |
Higher CA 19–9 and/or CEA | Serum | Increased | Screen early PanCa | [79] |
Erc/Mesothelin | Serum | Increased | Screen early PanCa | [81] |