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Table 5 Biomarkers involved in PanCa cancer with diabetes

From: The bidirectional interation between pancreatic cancer and diabetes

Biomarkers

Site

Expression levels

Role

Refs

IAPP

Serum

Increased

Early stage of PanCa

[28]

 

Tissue

Decreased

Early stage of PanCa

[72, 73]

Glucagon/insulin ratio

Serum

Increased

Identify PanCa in patients with new-onset DM

[74]

Adrenomedullin

Serum

Increased

Potential biomarker of PanCa-related DM

[75]

Fatty acid binding protein-1

Tissue

Increased

Diagnosis of PanCa

[76]

A 14-amino-acid peptide from S100A8

Serum

Increased

Identify PanCa in patients with new-onset DM

[38]

Vanin-1 and matrix metalloproteinase 9

Serum

Increased

Potential biomarker of PanCa-related DM

[77]

Higher CA 19–9 and/or CEA

Serum

Increased

Screen early PanCa

[79]

Erc/Mesothelin

Serum

Increased

Screen early PanCa

[81]

  1. CA, cancer antigen; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; DM, diabetes mellitus; IAPP, islet amyloid polypeptide; PanCa, pancreatic cancer.