Risk factors | No. of studies | No. of Patients | Heterogeneity | Statistical model | Statistical method | Effect estimate [95%CI] | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I2 | P | |||||||
Patient-related factors | ||||||||
Age (years) | 9 | 2131 | 0% | 0.69 | Fixed-effects | WMD | 1.21[0.10, 2.31] | 0.03* |
Age (≥ 65 years old) | 6 | 1256 | 40% | 0.14 | Fixed-effects | OR | 1.40[1.03, 1.91] | 0.03* |
Sex (male) | 11 | 2644 | 13% | 0.32 | Fixed-effects | OR | 1.37[1.08, 1.73] | 0.009* |
BMI (kg/m²) | 6 | 1438 | 0% | 0.87 | Fixed-effects | WMD | -0.11[-0.67, 0.44] | 0.69 |
Smoking | 2 | 954 | 0% | 0.56 | Fixed-effects | OR | 1.21[0.10, 2.31] | 0.10 |
Comorbidity | 4 | 1271 | 0% | 0.64 | Fixed-effects | OR | 1.73[1.24, 2.40] | 0.001* |
ASA score ≥ 3 | 10 | 2543 | 57% | 0.01 | Random-effects | OR | 2.13[1.27, 3.55] | 0.004* |
Tumor-related factors | ||||||||
Location (≤ 5 cm) | 5 | 1598 | 0% | 0.55 | Fixed-effects | OR | 1.22 [0.90, 1.65] | 0.20 |
Location (cm) | 3 | 1094 | 0% | 0.52 | Fixed-effects | WMD | -0.45[-0.95, 0.67] | 0.09 |
Metastasis | 6 | 1157 | 50% | 0.07 | Random-effects | OR | 5.94[3.10,11.39] | < 0.001* |
Preoperative Hb (g/dL) | 2 | 463 | 0% | 0.99 | Fixed-effects | WMD | -0.61 [-1.56, 0.33] | 0.20 |
Preoperative Alb (g/dL) | 2 | 463 | 0% | 0.47 | Fixed-effects | WMD | -1.21[-5.95, 3.54] | 0.62 |
CEA (ng/ml) | 2 | 251 | 25% | 0.25 | Fixed-effects | WMD | 1.44[-15.17, 18.05] | 0.87 |
Treatment-related factors | ||||||||
NRT | 9 | 2477 | 23% | 0.24 | Fixed-effects | OR | 1.07 [0.82, 1.41] | 0.21 |
NCT | 5 | 996 | 0% | 0.60 | Fixed-effects | OR | 0.76 [0.50, 1.16] | 0.20 |
History of abdominal surgery | 6 | 1732 | 34% | 0.18 | Fixed-effects | OR | 1.24 [0.87, 1.76] | 0.23 |
Open surgery | 5 | 1018 | 66% | 0.02 | Random-effects | OR | 2.26[1.09, 4.67] | 0.03* |
Incidence of TI non-closure | 13 | 3026 | 61% | 0.002 | Random-effects | RD | 0.16[0.13, 0.19] | < 0.001* |