The effect of spread through air spaces on postoperative recurrence-free survival in patients with multiple primary lung cancers

Table 1 Patient characteristics

Factors	STAS (+) n = 35	STAS (−) n = 87	P
Male/female	15/20	27/60	0.001
Median age (years)	62	55	0.003
Non-smoker/smoker	25/10	77/10	0.02
Lobectomy/ Sublobectomy	22/13	41/46	0.1
p-stage IA/IB	28/7	85/2	0.003
Median tumor size (cm)	2.1	1.3	0.003
Solid nodules on CT	29	31	<0.001
LV invasion (+/−)	11/24	1/86	<0.001
Pleural invasion (+/−)	12/23	2/85	<0.001

STAS: spread through air spaces
Sublobectomy: segmentectomy or wedge resection
Median tumor size (primary lesion)
LV: lymph vascular
The χ2 test was used for categorical data. Student’s t-test or the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for continuous data

ISSN: 1477-7819