Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with or without achieving TOO after laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy

Age (years)^a

59.41 ± 9.54

63.42 ± 11.25

0.036

Sex (M) (n (%))

28 (63.63%)

76 (59.84%)

0.657

BMI (kg/m²)^a

21.90 (20.24–22.74)

21.48 (19.91–23.11)

0.561

Hemoglobin (g/L)^a

121.11 ± 16.42

123.38 ± 15.87

0.420

White blood cell (× 10⁹/L)^a

6.27 ± 1.80

5.90 ± 2.37

0.333

Blood platelets (× 10⁹/L)^b

207 (155–292)

212 (166–258)

0.791

Albumin (g/L)^a

39.18 ± 4.90

38.16 ± 5.48

0.276

Creatinine (μmol/L)^b

65.50 (55.50–77.50)

67.00 (59.00–78.00)

0.869

Total bilirubin (μmol/L)^b

109.10 (13.78–223.05)

111.50 (15.70–228.40)

0.649

CA19-9 (U/mL)^b

114.95 (46.41–284.28)

128.85 (52.93–322.75)

0.969

CEA (U/mL)^b

3.09 (2.13–5.15)

3.59 (2.19–6.20)

0.833

Biliary drainage (n (%))

10 (22.73%)

29 (22.83%)

0.088