Table 1 Prediction effect of preoperative sarcopenia on prognosis of esophageal cancer
From: Correlation between sarcopenia and esophageal cancer: a narrative review
Author, year | Disease, cases | Age | Sarcopenia (proportion) | Muscle quality measurement | Criteria for sarcopenia | Predictive value | Type of study |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yuichiro Nakashima et al. [24] 2018 | EC 341 (total) 166 (age ≥ 65) | NA | 170 (49.9%, total) 74 (44.6%, age ≥ 65) | CT | Male: SMI < 47.24a, female: SMI < 36.92a | In-hospital death↑ (age ≥ 65) Postoperative complications↑ (age ≥ 65) | Retrospective cohort study |
Daisuke Makiura et al. [16] 2016 | EC 104 | NA | 29 (27.9%) | BIA | Male: SMI < 7.0b, HGS < 26, GS < 0.8 Female: SMI < 5.7b, HGS < 18, GS < 0.8 | Postoperative pulmonary complications↑ | Retrospective cohort study |
Jessie A. Elliott et al. [25] 2017 | LAEC 192 | Mean (SD): 61.6 (9.3) | 49 (25.5%) | CT PET-CT | Male: SMI < 52.4a, female: SMI < 38.5a | Major postoperative complications↑ Postoperative pulmonary complications↑ Prolonged intubation↑ PPCs↑ LOS↑ | Prospective cohort study |
Satoshi Ida et al. [26] 2015 | ESCC 138 | NA | 61 (44.2%) | BIA | < 90% standard skeletal muscle mass value defined according to the age, sex, and height of each patient | Pulmonary complications↑ | Prospective cohort study |
Daisuke Makiura et al. [27] 2017 | EC 98 | Median (IQR): 67 (61–71) | 31 (31.6%) | BIA | Male: SMI < 7.0b, HGS < 26, GS < 0.8 Female: SMI < 5.7b, HGS < 18, GS < 0.8 | day unplanned readmission rate↑ OS↓ | Prospective cohort study |
Pei-yu Wang et al. [28] 2020 | EC 212 | Mean ± SD: 64.9 ± 7.2 | 55 (25.9%) | BIA | Male: SMI < 7.0b, HGS < 26, GS < 0.8 Female: SMI < 5.7b, HGS < 18, GS < 0.8 | Overall complications↑ Major complications↑ Delayed hospital discharge↑ | Prospective cohort study |
Uli Fehrenbach et al. [29] 2021 | EC 85 | Mean (range): 64.3 (45–83) | 58 (68.2%) | CT | Male: L3 SMI ≤ 52.4a Female: L3 SMI ≤ 38.5a | LOS↑ Major complications↑ | Retrospective cohort study |
Makoto Sakai et al. [30] 2020 | EC 89 | Mean (range): 65 (42–81) | 49 (55.1%) | CT | Male: L3 SMI ≤ 52.4a Female: L3 SMI ≤ 38.5a | Systemic inflammation↑ OS↓ | Retrospective cohort study |
Shinya Yoshida et al. [23] 2021 | EC 71 | Mean (range): 67 (59–72) | 29 (40.8%) | BIA | Male: SMI < 7.0b Female: SMI < 5.7b | Postoperative complications↑ LOS↑ | Prospective cohort study |
Jinxin Xu et al. [31] 2019 | EC 141 | Mean ± SD: 59.7 ± 6.8 | 73 (51.8%) | CT | Male: L3 SMI ≤ 52.4a Female: L3 SMI ≤ 38.5a | Postoperative complications↑ | Retrospective cohort study |
D. Soma et al. [32] 2018 | ESCC 102 | Mean: 67.3 | 45 (44.1%) | CT | Male: SMI < 43a, if BMI < 25 SMI < 53a, if BMI ≥ 25 Female: SMI < 41a | Postoperative respiratory complications↑ | Retrospective cohort study |
Takuya Fukushima et al. [33] 2023 | EC 274 | Median (IQR): 65.5 (58.0–71.0) | 204 (74.5%) | CT | Male: L3 SMI ≤ 52.4a Female: L3 SMI ≤ 38.5a | Postoperative pneumonia↑ | Retrospective cohort study |
Andrea Cossu et al. [34] 2023 | EC 223 | Median (range): 62.7 (29–85) | 152 (68.1%) | CT | Male: SMI ≤ 52.4a Female: SMI ≤ 38.5a | Postoperative 90-day mortality↑ | Retrospective cohort study |
Bethsabee Benadon et al. [35] 2020 | EC 104 | Mean ± SD (min–max): 63 ± 12 (20.2–87) | 84 (81%) Female: 26 (81.2%) Male: 58 (80.6%) | CT | According to international data: Male: SMI < 43a, if BMI < 25 SMI < 53a, if BMI ≥ 25 Female: SMI < 41a Mean SMI as cut-off value: Male: SMI < 46a Female: SMI < 35a | OS (male)↓ | Retrospective cohort study |
Kensuke Kudou et al. [36] 2017 | EGJC 59 | NA | 19 (32.2%) | CT | Male: SMI < 43a, if BMI < 25 SMI < 53a, if BMI ≥ 25 Female: SMI < 41a | OS↓ RFS↓ | Retrospective cohort study |
Xiang Tan et al. [22] 2021 | EC 158 | NA | 120 (75.9%) | CT | Male: L3 SMI ≤ 35.4a Female: L3 SMI ≤ 32.96a | OS↓ | Retrospective cohort study |
Keita Takahashi et al. [37] 2021 | EC 229 | NA | 35 (15.3%) | CT | Male: SMI < 43a, if BMI < 25 SMI < 53a, if BMI ≥ 25 Female: SMI < 41a | OS↓ RFS↓ | Retrospective cohort study |
Keijiro Sugimura et al. [38] 2022 | EC 363 | NA | 139 (38.2%) | BIA | Male: SMI < 7.0b Female: SMI < 5.7b | Poor survival↑ | Retrospective cohort study |
Takashi Nakayama et al. [39] 2021 | EC 63 | Mean ± SD: 66.27 ± 7.96 | 44 (69.84%) | CT | Male: L3 PMI < 6.36 Female: L3 PMI < 3.92 | OS↓ DFS↓ | Retrospective cohort study |
Yohei Ozawa et al. [40] 2019 | ESCC 82 | Mean ± SD: 63.5 ± 7.5 | 21 (25.6%) | CT | The sex-specific 25th percentile for the PMI as cut-off value | DFS↓ | Retrospective cohort study |
Huajian Peng et al. [41] 2021 | ESCC 121 | NA | 65 (53.7%) | CT | Male: L3 SMI ≤ 52.4a Female: L3 SMI ≤ 38.5a | OS↓ | Retrospective cohort study |
Connor J. Wakefield et al. [42] 2021 | LAEC 52 | Median (IOR): 65 (57–70) | 39 (75%) | CT | Male: SMI < 43a, if BMI < 25 SMI < 53a, if BMI ≥ 25 Female: SMI < 41a | OS↓ DFS↓ | Retrospective cohort study |
Matevz Srpcic et al. [43] 2020 | EC 139 | Mean ± SD: 63.9 ± 9.5 Range: 30–83 | 23 (16.5%) | CT | Male: SMI < 43.1 Female: SMI < 32.7a | OS↓ | Prospective cohort study |
J. Oguma, S. Ozawa et al. [44] 2019 | SESCC 194 | Mean (range): 64.1 (43–86) | 28 (14.4%) | CT | Male: L3 SMI ≤ 52.4a Female: L3 SMI ≤ 38.5a | OS↓ DFS↓ PPC↑ | Retrospective cohort study |
Ulf Zeuge et al. [45] 2023 | MEC 202 | Median (range): 62 (32–88) | 103 (51%) | CT | Male: SMI < 43a, if BMI < 25 SMI < 53a, if BMI ≥ 25 Female: SMI < 41a | PFS↓ OS↓ | Retrospective cohort study |
Miho Yamamoto et al. [46] 2023 | ESCC 97 | Median (range): 68 (42–81) | 44 (46.4%) | CT | SMI < 41a | RFS↓ OS↓ | Retrospective cohort study |
Ricarda Hinzpeter et al. [47] 2023 | GEC, EC 128 | Mean ± SD: 63.5 ± 11.7 Range: 29–91 | 60 (47%) | PET-CT CT | Male: SMI < 37.5a Female: SMI < 29.7a | PFS↓ OS↓ | Retrospective cohort study |