Table 1 Basic characteristics of the included studies
Study | Year | Country | Type | Source of data | Duration | Sex (F:M) | Age | RT regime (Gy) | Concurrent chemotherapy | ACT regime | Clinical TNM stage | Interval between radiotherapy and operation (week) | No of patients | Follow-up time (month) | Outcomes | NOS score | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ACT | Non-ACT | ||||||||||||||||
Chen et al. [17] | 2023 | China | Retrospective | Single center | 2011–2019 | 1:1.6 | Median: 53.1 | 46–50.4 | FOLFOX | mFOLFOX6 | II = 88, III = 192 | NA | 207 | 73 | Mean: 55 | OS, DFS | 6 |
Lai et al. [19] | 2023 | USA | Retrospective | Multi-center | 2004–2017 | 1:1.5 | Median: 60.59 | 50–50.4 | NA | NA | II = 1083, III = 1138 | NA | 780 | 1441 | Median: 50.9 | OS | 7 |
Bliggenstorfer et al. [26] | 2022 | USA | Retrospective | NCDB | 2010–2016 | 1:1.7 | Mean: 60.21 | 45–54 | NA | NA | II = 4524, III = 3418 | NA | 494 | 1054 | NA | OS | 6 |
Fukui et al. [27] | 2022 | Japan | Retrospective | Multi-center | 2010–2017 | NA | NA | 45/50.4 | 5-FU | FL, FOLFOX | NA | 6–8 | 75 | 30 | Median:49 | RFS | 5 |
Kuo et al. [28] | 2022 | China | Retrospective | NHIRD and TCR | 2007–2017 | NA | NA | Median: 50.4 | 5-FU, capecitabine, oxaliplatin, leucovorin, UFUR | FL, capecitabine, FOLFOX, CapeOX, 5-FU + oxaliplatin | NA | NA | 115 | 155 | Median: 50.88 | OS, DFS | 5 |
Naffouje et al. [29] | 2022 | USA | Retrospective | NCDB | 2004–2018 | 1:1.5 | Mean: 57.2 | 45 | NA | NA | II = 1123, III = 1461 | 5–12 | 1292 | 1292 | Median: 56.4 | OS | 8 |
Jiang et al. [30] | 2021 | China | Retrospective | Single center | 2009–2017 | 1:2 | NA | 48–55 | Capecitabine, CapeOX | CapeOX, capecitabine | II = 67, III = 180 | 5–12 | 187 | 60 | Median: 53 | OS, RFS | 6 |
Morris et al. [18] | 2021 | USA | Retrospective | NCDB | 2006–2015 | 1:1.6 | Median: 60.64 | Median: 45 | NA | NA | II = 1233, III = 1188 | NA | 778 | 1643 | Median:42.3 | OS | 8 |
Gahagan et al. [31] | 2020 | USA | Retrospective | NCDB | 2006–2013 | 1:1.6 | Mean: 59.83 | NA | NA | NA | II, III | NA | 1513 | 4319 | NA | OS | 7 |
He et al. [16] | 2020 | China | Retrospective | Single center | 2010–2018 | 1:1.9 | Median: 55 | 50.4 | Ora/ i.v. fluoropyrimidine | Capecitabine, FL, CapeOX, FOLFOX, FOLFOXIRI, FOLFIRI | II = 229, III = 780 | 4–8 | 712 | 297 | Median: 35 | OS, DFS, RFS | 8 |
Voss et al. [32] | 2020 | USA | Retrospective | Multi-center | 2005–2016 | NA | NA | NA | 5-FU, capecitabine, FOLFOX, CapeOX | Capecitabine, 5-FU, CapeOX, FOLFOX, oxaliplatin | NA | NA | 139 | 54 | Mean: 63 | RFS | 5 |
Hu et al. [33] | 2019 | China | Retrospective | Single center | 2006–2016 | 1:1.7 | Mean: 56.5 | 50 | Capecitabine, CapeOX | CapeOX, Capecitabine | II = 55, III = 116 | NA | 56 | 115 | 11–138 | OS, DFS | 7 |
Nguyen et al. [34] | 2019 | USA | Retrospective | Single center | 2000–2015 | 1:2 | Mean: 58.14 | NA | 5-FU, capecitabine | Capecitabine, FOLFOX | II = 25, III = 71 | Mean: 7 | 60 | 36 | Mean: 77.76 | OS, DFS | 8 |
Dossa et al. [35] | 2018 | USA | Retrospective | NCDB | 2006–2012 | 1:1.3 | Median: 56.5 | 45–54 | NA | NA | NA |  < 9 = 927, ≥ 9 = 344 | 667 | 667 | Median: 36.9 | OS | 8 |
Lu et al. [36] | 2018 | China | Retrospective | Multi-center | 2005–2014 | NA | NA | 42–50 | CapeOX, capecitabine | CapeOX, capecitabine, FOLFOX, oxaliplatin + S-1 | NA | Median: 7.7 | 22 | 29 | Median: 50 | OS, RFS | 6 |
Peng et al. [37] | 2018 | China | Retrospective | Single center | 2008–2014 | 1:2 | Mean: 52.9 | 46–50 | CapeOX | CapeOX | II = 35, III = 70 | 6–8 | 83 | 22 | Median: 49 | OS, DFS | 7 |
Polanco et al. [38] | 2018 | USA | Retrospective | NCDB | 2006–2012 | 1:1.4 | NA | NA | NA | NA | II = 698, III = 784 | NA | 741 | 741 | Median: 39 | OS | 7 |
Turner et al. [39] | 2018 | USA | Retrospective | NCDB | 2006–2011 | 1:1.6 | Mean: 57.7 | NA | NA | NA | II = 2183, III = 1922 | NA | 1379 | 2726 | NA | OS | 8 |
Gamaleldin et al. [40] | 2017 | USA | Retrospective | Single center | 2000–2012 | 1:1.8 | Mean: 58.9 | Median: 50.4 | 5-FU, FL | NA | II = 73, III = 56 | NA | 47 | 83 | Mean: 68.4 | OS, DFS, RFS | 5 |
Lichthardt et al. [41] | 2017 | Germany | Retrospective | Single center | 1992–2013 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 5-FU, capecitabine, FOLFOX, FOLFIRI | NA | NA | 9 | 15 | NA | OS | 5 |
Lorenzon et al. [42] | 2017 | Italy | Retrospective | Multi-center | 2005–2015 | NA | NA | 50.4–56 | Oral/i.v. fluoropirymidine | NA | NA | NA | 77 | 155 | Mean:47.6 | OS | 6 |
Shahab et al. [43] | 2017 | USA | Retrospective | NCDB | 2006–2013 | 1:1.5 | Mean: 60.1 | NA | NA | NA | II = 1612, III = 1279 | NA | 789 | 2102 | NA | OS | 8 |
Kim et al. [44] | 2017 | Korea | Retrospective | Single center | 2001–2013 | NA | NA | 45–50.4 | FL, capecitabine | FL, capecitabine | NA | NA | 50 | 40 | Mean: 70.7 | OS, DFS | 6 |
Kuan et al. [45] | 2016 | China | Retrospective | TCR | 2007–2013 | 1:1.7 | Mean: 59.59 | 40–60 | FL, tegafur, capecitabine | NA | II = 87, III = 172 |  ≤ 8 = 173, > 8 = 86 | 114 | 145 | Median: 37 | OS | 6 |
Tay et al. [46] | 2016 | Australia | Retrospective | ACCORD | 2003–2014 | NA | NA | 50 | Oral/i.v. fluoropyrimidine | Capecitabine, FOLFOX, FL | NA | NA | 97 | 29 | Median:45.5 | OS, RFS | 6 |
Xu et al. [47] | 2016 | USA | Retrospective | NCDB | 2006–2011 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | II, III | NA | 484 | 1243 | NA | OS | 6 |
Zhou et al. [48] | 2016 | China | Retrospective | Single center | 2005–2013 | 1:1.4 | Mean: 54.05 | 50 | CapeOX, FOLFOX4, capecitabine | CapeOX, FOLFOX4, capecitabine | II = 13, III = 22, Other = 5 | NA | 19 | 21 | Median: 57 | DFS | 7 |
Lee et al. [49] | 2015 | Korea | Retrospective | Single center | 1999–2009 | NA | NA | 50.4 | Capecitabine | Uracil-tegafur, doxifluridine, Capecitabine | NA | 6–8 | 32 | 12 | Median:60.5 | OS, DFS | 5 |
Mass et al. [50] | 2015 | Netherlands | Retrospective | Multi-center | NA | 1:1.9 | Mean: 61 | 45–50.4 | FL, FOLFOX | 5-FU, capecitabine, FL, CapeOX, FOLFOX | NA | NA | 290 | 608 | NA | OS, DFS, RFS | 6 |
Gave et al. [51] | 2014 | Israel | Retrospective | Single center | 2001–2013 | 1:1.6 | Median: 65.7 | 50.4 | 5-FU, capecitabine | NA | NA | Mean: 11.66 | 35 | 17 | Mean: 49.4 | OS, DFS | 5 |
Kiran et al. [52] | 2012 | USA | Retrospective | Single center | 2000–2008 | NA | NA | 50.4 | 5-FU, FL | NA | NA | NA | 14 | 34 | Median: 52.6 | OS, DFS | 6 |
Govindarajan et al. [53] | 2011 | USA | Retrospective | Single center | 1999–2003 | NA | NA | 50.4 | 5-FU-based | FL, FOLFOX | II, III | 4–8 | 64 | 9 | Median:69.6 | RFS | 5 |
Yeo et al. [54] | 2010 | Korea | Retrospective | Single center | 1993–2007 | NA | NA | 39.6–54 | 5-FU, FL, FOLFOX, FOLFIRI, capecitabine | Oral/i.v. fluoropyrimidine, FOLFIRI, FOLFOX | NA | Median: 6 | 256 | 48 | Median: 43 | DFS | 6 |
Capirci et al. [15] | 2008 | Italy | Retrospective | Multi-center | 1900–2004 | 1:1.9 | Mean: 61.8 | Mean: 50 | 5-FU, capecitabine, raltitrexed, 5-FU + Mitomycin C, 5-FU + cisplatin, oxaliplatin + 5-FU, oxaliplatin + raltitrexed, oxaliplatin + capecitabine | NA | I = 33, II = 250, III = 254, Unknow = 29 |  ≤ 10 = 456, > 10 = 110 | 127 | 439 | Median:45.6 | OS, DFS | 5 |