Radiological classification of the Heidelberg triangle and its application in laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy for malignancies

Table 4 Subgroup analysis of type 2

Variables	Type IIa (n = 23)	Type IIv (n = 23)	P value
Operative time (min)^a	400 (316, 452)	395 (330, 460)	0.991
Intraoperative blood loss (mL)^a	450 (400, 600)	200 (100, 300)	< 0.001
Intraoperative transfusion			0.189
Yes	1 (4.3)	5 (21.7)
No	22 (95.7)	18 (78.3)
Surgical type			0.767
LPD	13 (56.5)	12 (52.2)
OPD	10 (43.5)	11 (47.8)
Tumor size (mm)^a	25.0 (20.0, 35.0)	25.0 (20.0, 33.5)	0.649
LOS (days)^a	14 (11, 21)	14 (12, 22)	0.886
Surgical morbidity	9 (39.1)	11 (47.8)	0.552
POPF (B/C)	5 (21.7)	4 (17.4)	1.000
Bile leakage (B/C)	1 (4.3)	1 (4.3)	1.000
Chyle leak (B/C)	2 (8.7)	1 (4.3)	1.000
DGE (B/C)	3 (13.1)	1 (4.3)	0.601
Intra-abdominal infection	7 (30.4)	8 (34.8)	0.753
PPH (B/C)	2 (8.7)	2 (8.7)	1.000
Reoperation	0 (0.0)	1 (4.3)	1.000
90-day mortality	0 (0.0)	1 (4.3)	1.000
Histology			0.290
Pancreatic head cancer	15 (65.2)	18 (78.3)
Ampullary carcinoma	6 (26.1)	2 (8.7)
Distal cholangiocarcinoma	2 (8.7)	3 (13.0)
Grading			0.881
1	3 (13.1)	4 (17.4)
2	15 (65.2)	15 (65.2)
3	5 (21.7)	4 (17.4)
Margin status			0.232
R0	23 (100.0)	20 (86.9)
R1	0 (0.0)	3 (13.1)
Number of ELNs^b	21.0 ± 11.7	22.1 ± 11.7	0.744
pN +	9 (39.1)	13 (56.5)	0.238

Values in parenthesis are percentages unless indicated otherwise:
Abbreviations: LPD laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy, OPD open pancreaticoduodenectomy, IQR interquartile range, LOS length of stay, POPF postoperative pancreatic fistula, DGE delayed gastric emptying, PPH postpancreatectomy hemorrhage, ELNs examined lymph nodes, pN + lymph node positivity
^a Values are median (IQR); ^b mean ± SD

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