Table 3 Surgical and pathologic outcomes

Operative time (min)^a

370 (340, 437)

420 (365, 474)

0.102

378 (325, 420)

330 (292, 420)

0.479

Intraoperative blood loss (mL)^a

200 (100, 300)

300 (200, 450)

0.030

300 (163, 475)

400 (200, 650)

0.564

Intraoperative transfusion

0.744

1.000

 Yes

4 (9.3)

1 (4.0)

4 (28.6)

5 (23.8)

 No

39 (90.7)

24 (96.0)

10 (71.4)

16 (76.2)

LOS (days)^a

14 (12, 18)

14 (11, 22)

0.636

14 (12, 29)

15 (12, 20)

0.973

Surgical morbidity

16 (37.2)

13 (52.0)

0.234

7 (50.0)

7 (33.3)

0.483

 POPF (B/C)

9 (20.9)

5 (20.0)

0.927

4 (28.6)

4 (19.1)

0.685

 Bile leakage (B/C)

4 (9.3)

1 (4.0)

0.744

0 (0.0)

1 (4.8)

1.000

 Chyle leak (B/C)

1 (2.3)

2 (8.0)

0.627

0 (0.0)

1 (4.8)

1.000

 DGE (B/C)

0 (0.0)

2 (8.0)

0.132

1 (7.1)

2 (9.5)

1.000

 Intra-abdominal infection

12 (27.9)

9 (36.0)

0.486

3 (21.4)

6 (28.6)

0.712

 PPH (B/C)

2 (4.7)

3 (12.0)

0.524

1 (7.1)

1 (4.8)

1.000

Reoperation

1 (2.3)

1 (4.0)

1.000

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

/

90-day mortality

2 (4.7)

1 (4.0)

1.000

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

/

Histology

0.589

0.847

 Pancreatic head cancer

24 (55.8)

17 (68.0)

10 (71.4)

16 (76.2)

 Ampullary carcinoma

13 (30.2)

5 (20.0)

3 (21.4)

3 (14.3)

Distal cholangiocarcinoma

6 (14.0)

3 (12.0)

1 (7.2)

2 (9.5)

Grading

0.620

0.060

 1

15 (34.9)

6 (24.0)

3 (21.4)

1 (4.8)

 2

23 (53.5)

15 (60.0)

11 (78.6)

15 (71.4)

 3

5 (11.6)

4 (16.0)

0 (0.0)

5 (23.8)

Margin status

0.528

0.635

 R0

41 (95.4)

25 (100.0)

13 (92.9)

18 (85.7)

 R1

2 (4.6)

0 (0.0)

1 (7.1)

3 (14.3)

Number of ELNs^b

13.4 ± 5.2

17.2 ± 7.6

0.019

18.8 ± 8.1

27.0 ± 13.1

0.030

pN + 

13 (30.2)

11 (44.0)

0.146

7 (50.0)

11 (52.4)

1.000