Radiological classification of the Heidelberg triangle and its application in laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy for malignancies

Table 1 Baseline characteristics

Variables	Type I (n = 57)	Type II (n = 46)	P value
Sex			0.064
Male	23 (40.3)	27 (58.7)
Female	34 (59.7)	19 (41.3)
Age (years)^a	67.3 ± 11.7	66.5 ± 9.0	0.695
BMI (kg/m²)^a	22.57 ± 3.03	23.18 ± 3.19	0.320
Surgical type			0.025
LPD	43 (75.4)	25 (54.4)
OPD	14 (24.6)	21 (45.6)
ASA score			0.403
1	6 (10.5)	7 (15.2)
2	43 (75.5)	36 (78.3)
3	8 (14.0)	3 (6.5)
Main pancreatic duct size (mm)			0.297
≤ 3	23 (40.4)	14 (30.4)
> 3	34 (59.7)	32 (69.6)
Albumin (g/L)^b	41.5 (38.0, 44.0)	40.7 (36.3, 42.0)	0.150
Serum bilirubin (μmol/L)^b	14.2 (9.0, 55.7)	36.1 (8.6, 183.7)	0.140
CA19-9 (IU/mL)	40 (15.5, 223.4)	75.7 (24.5, 149.0)	0.573
CEA (ng/mL)	2.5 (1.9, 4)	2.5 (1.9, 4.3)	0.974
Tumor size (mm)	25 (20, 35)	25 (20, 35)	0.520

Values in parenthesis are percentages unless indicated otherwise:
Abbreviations: LPD laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy, OPD open pancreaticoduodenectomy, SD standard deviation, IQR interquartile range, BMI body mass index, ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists, CA 19–9 carbohydrate antigen 19–9, CEA carcinoembryonic antigen
^a mean ± SD; ^b values are median (IQR)

ISSN: 1477-7819