Table 2 Preoperative and surgical information

Preoperative information

Age, years

60.7 (54.1-67.2)

59.7 (53.5-67.5)

61.4 (57.4-65.4)

0.763

Gender, male

36 (46.8)

27 (47.4)

9 (45.0)

0.855

Body mass index, kg/m²

21.9 (20.3-23.4)

21.3 (20.2-23.0)

22.0 (20.6-23.6)

0.387

Diabetes mellitus, yes

20 (26.0)

14 (24.6)

6 (30.0)

0.633

Hypertension, yes

17 (22.1)

12 (21.1)

5 (25.0)

0.714

Biliary drainage

-

 Percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage

24 (31.2)

13 (22.8)

11 (55.0)

 Endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage

6 (7.8)

4 (7.0)

2 (10.0)

 No obstructive jaundice

47 (61.0)

40 (70.2)

7 (35.0)

White blood cell, 10^{^}9/L

6.0 (5.0-7.7)

6.0 (4.8-6.9)

7.2 (5.6-8.3)

0.017

Hemoglobin, g/L

117.0 (112.0-125.0)

117.0 (112.0-127.0)

116.5 (111.0-123.5)

0.659

Alanine aminotransferase, U/L

21.5 (14.1-39.4)

21.5 (13.6-43.7)

23.2 (16.5-33.8)

0.776

Albumin, g/L

43.4 (40.1-45.6)

43.5 (40.6-45.6)

42.0 (38.9-44.3)

0.106

Total bilirubin, μmol/L

8.4 (6.2-12.4)

8.1 (5.8-11.8)

10.3 (7.1-18.4)

0.158

Prothrombin time, seconds

12.2 (11.5-13.2)

12.2 (11.5-13.2)

12.5 (11.6-13.3)

0.630

Serum creatinine, μmol/L

58.0 (49.0-68.0)

61.0 (51.0-70.0)

51.5 (44.5-57.5)

0.017

Surgical information

ASA grade

0.947

 Grade I

8 (10.4)

6 (10.5)

2 (10.0)

 Grade II

69 (89.6)

51 (89.5)

18 (90.0)

Pancreatic duct diameter, mm

3.6 (2.2-5.3)

3.4 (2.2-5.5)

3.8 (2.8-4.7)

0.650

Operation time, minutes

350 (302-415)

325 (295-378)

419 (375-468)

<0.001

Blood loss, mL

300 (200-600)

300 (200-600)

300 (200-500)

0.393

Transfusion, yes

28 (36.4)

21 (36.8)

7 (35.0)

0.883

Superior mesenteric vein / Portal vein resection, yes

32 (41.6)

25 (43.9)

7 (35.0)

0.489

Type of venous resection^a

-

 Partial venous excision with direct closure by suture closure

1 (1.3)

0 (0.0)

1 (5.0)

 Partial venous excision using a patch

2 (2.6)

1 (1.8)

1 (5.0)

 Segmental resection with primary venovenous anastomosis

18 (23.4)

14 (24.6)

4 (20.0)

 Segmental resection with interposed venous conduit and at least two anastomoses

11 (14.3)

10 (17.5)

1 (5.0)