Table 3 Overall surgical complications

Intraoperative

5

Major

 Massive bleeding

2

 Vena cava injury

1

Minor

 Dural tear

1

 Lung injury

1

Early

44

Major

 Deep wound infection requiring surgical debridement

9

 Neurological deterioration

5

 Urine leakage

2

 Displacement of prosthesis

1

 Intracranial subdural hematoma

1

 Hematoma

2

 Pneumonia

1

Minor

 Pleural effusion

10

 Cerebral-spinal leakage

4

 Chyle leakage

3

 Pneumothorax

1

 Deep venous thrombosis

1

 Tracheal obstruction

1

 Pneumonia

1

 Superficial wound infection

2

Late

1

Major

 Hardware failure requiring reoperation

1