Fig. 7
A 59-year-old man with a medical history of surgery for disc herniation complained of increasing back pain during the previous 1Â month, his KPS score was 60, and the American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale was D. The patient underwent TES and spine reconstruction with customized 3D-printed AVB via a one-stage combined approach, and the estimated blood loss was 2400Â mL. Intraoperatively, inferior vena cava injury was developed and repaired. A, B Preoperative CT scan revealed osteolytic body destruction in L3 and L4 vertebral. C, D Preoperative sagittal and axial T2-weighted MRI. E Postoperative lateral radiograph. F, G Postoperative CT scan showing an excellent position of the 3D-printed AVB. H, I, MRI scan at a 12-month follow-up showing no tumor recurrence. Abbreviations: KPS, Karnofsky performance status; TES, total en bloc spondylectomy; 3D, three-dimensional; AVB, artificial vertebral body; CT, computed tomography; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging