Table 1 Patient demographics and baseline characteristics

Age (years), mean (SD)

75.26 (2.82)

74.79 (2.38)

0.121

74.91 (2.68)

74.82 (2.37)

0.98

Gender N (%)

 Female

78 (43.8%)

56 (44.8%)

59 (47.6%)

56 (45.2%)

0.702

 Male

100 (56.2%)

69 (55.2%)

0.866

65 (52.4%)

68 (54.8%)

BMI (kg/m²), mean (SD)

24.23 (2.87)

23.48 (2.47)

0.015

23.57 (2.70)

23.51 (2.45)

0.848

ASA class, N (%)

 I/II

113 (63.5%)

82 (65.6%)

82 (66.1%)

82 (66.1%)

 > 0.999

 III/IV

65 (36.5%)

43 (34.4%)

0.705

42 (33.9%)

42 (33.9%)

Diabetes, N (%)

36 (20.2%)

25 (20.0%)

0.962

24 (19.4%)

25 (20.2%)

0.873

Hypertension, N (%)

63 (35.4%)

43 (34.4%)

0.858

44 (35.5%)

43 (34.7%)

0.894

Cardiovascular, N (%)

18 (10.1%)

9 (7.2%)

0.381

12 (9.7%)

9 (7.3%)

0.494

Pulmonary, N (%)

25 (14.0%)

16 (12.8%)

0.755

18 (14.5%)

15 (12.1%)

0.575

Hepatic, N (%)

17 (9.6%)

11 (8.8%)

0.824

12 (9.7%)

11 (8.9%)

0.827

History of abdominal surgery, N (%)

17 (9.6%)

9 (7.2%)

0.472

11 (8.9%)

9 (7.3%)

0.641

Tumor size (cm), mean (SD)

4.20 (1.26)

4.43 (1.60)

0.171

4.19 (1.25)

4.43 (1.60)

0.187

pT-stage

 T1–T2

106 (59.6%)

78 (62.4%)

82 (66.1%)

77 (62.1%)

0.508

 T3–T4

72 (40.4%)

47 (37.6%)

0.617

42 (33.9%)

47 (37.9%)

pN-stage

 N0–N1

137 (77.0%)

96 (76.8%)

96 (77.4%)

95 (76.6%)

0.88

 N2–N3

41 (23.0%)

29 (23.2%)

0.973

28 (22.6%)

29 (23.4%)

p-stage

 I–II

109 (61.2%)

83 (66.4%)

88 (71.0%)

82 (66.1%)

0.412

 III

69 (38.8%)

42 (33.6%)

0.358

36 (51.8%)

42 (33.9%)

Histologic grade, N (%)

 Moderately differentiated

73 (41.0%)

47 (37.6%)

45 (36.3%)

46 (37.1%)

0.895

 Poorly differentiated

105 (59.0%)

78 (62.4%)

79 (63.7%)

78 (62.9%)