Table 1 Clinical and anatomical characteristics of patients in the PPOI group and non-PPOI group

Sex [n (%)]

0.261

 Male

291 (61.1%)

39 (54.2%)

 Female

185 (38.9%)

33 (45.8%)

Age [median (IQR), years]

64.5 [58–70]

66.5 [61–71.15]

0.043

Smoking history [n (%)]

121 (25.4%)

20 (27.8%)

0.67

Drinking history [n (%)]

59 (12.4%)

11 (15.3%)

0.495

Hypertension [n (%)]

133 (27.9%)

21 (29.2%)

0.829

Diabetes [n (%)]

59 (12.4%)

5 (6.9%)

0.186

Respiratory disease [n (%)]

48 (10.1%)

6 (8.3%)

0.642

Cardiac disease [n (%)]

29 (6.1%)

4 (5.6%)

1^a

Previous abdominal surgery [n (%)]

80 (16.8%)

19 (26.4%)

0.049

Preoperative chemotherapy [n (%)]

44 (9.2%)

8 (11.1%)

0.614

Preoperative radiotherapy [n (%)]

37 (7.1%)

7 (9.7%)

0.438

ASA score [n (%)]

0.874

 I

271 (56.9%)

41 (56.9%)

 II

171 (35.9%)

27 (37.5%)

 III

34 (7.1%)

4 (5.6%)

Hypoproteinemia [n (%)]

36 (7.6%)

12 (16.7%)

0.011

Anemia [n (%)]

81 (17.0%)

19 (26.4%)

0.055

Body mass index [mean (SD), kg/m²]

24.35 ± 3.52

24.83 ± 3.69

0.287

Hypokalaemia [n (%)]

21 (4.4%)

7 (9.7%)

0.078^a

VFA [median (IQR), cm²]

126.2 (80.4–182.6)

139.3 (94.8–189.1)

0.183

SMA [mean (IQR), cm²]

116.4 (98.0–139.0)

124.3 (103.7–148.6)

0.092

MFA [mean (IQR), cm²]

17.2 (11.6–23.7)

19.4 (13.1–25.7)

0.066

Tumor height [median (IQR), cm]

6 (5–8)

5.5 (5–7.9)

0.342

Interspinous distance [median (IQR), cm]

100.3 (92.7–110.2)

101.8 (94.7–116.1)

0.201

Intertuberous distance [median (IQR), cm]

116.3 (106.9–127.5)

115.5 (106.2–130.0)

0.712

Narrow pelvis [n (%)]

43 (9.0%)

10 (13.9%)

0.194