Table 1 Clinical and pathological characteristics of patients
Variable | Training cohort N = 99 | Validation cohort N = 96 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||
 Female | 55 (55.6%) | 56 (58.3%) | 0.805 |
 Male | 44 (44.4%) | 40 (41.7%) | |
Age | |||
  > 65 | 60 (60.6%) | 55 (57.3%) | 0.745 |
  ≤ 65 | 39 (39.4%) | 41 (42.7%) | |
Hypertension history | |||
 No | 53 (53.5%) | 47 (49.0%) | 0.620 |
 Yes | 46 (46.5%) | 49 (51.0%) | |
Diabetes history | |||
 No | 78 (78.8%) | 80 (83.3%) | 0.531 |
 Yes | 21 (21.2%) | 16 (16.7%) | |
BMI | |||
  < 24 | 43 (43.4%) | 45 (46.9%) | 0.735 |
  ≥ 24 | 56 (56.6%) | 51 (53.1%) | |
Tumor side | |||
 Left | 51 (51.5%) | 51 (53.1%) | 0.935 |
 Right | 48 (48.5%) | 45 (46.9%) | |
Location | |||
 Both | 24 (24.2%) | 16 (16.7%) | 0.174 |
 Renal pelvis | 38 (38.4%) | 32 (33.3%) | |
 Ureter | 37 (37.4%) | 48 (50.0%) | |
Tumor size | |||
  > 3 | 31 (31.3%) | 40 (41.7%) | 0.176 |
  ≤ 3 | 68 (68.7%) | 56 (58.3%) | |
Tumor stage | |||
  ≤ 2 | 71 (71.7%) | 75 (78.1%) | 0.386 |
  ≥ 3 | 28 (28.3%) | 21 (21.9%) | |
Neural or vascular invasion | |||
 No | 81 (81.8%) | 85 (88.5%) | 0.264 |
 Yes | 18 (18.2%) | 11 (11.5%) | |
Renal sinus invasion | |||
 No | 84 (84.8%) | 90 (93.8%) | 0.076 |
 Yes | 15 (15.2%) | 6 (6.25%) | |
Pararenal invasion | |||
 No | 81 (81.8%) | 88 (91.7%) | 0.070 |
 Yes | 18 (18.2%) | 8 (8.33%) | |
Mucosa invasion | |||
 No | 78 (78.8%) | 81 (84.4%) | 0.412 |
 Yes | 21 (21.2%) | 15 (15.6%) | |
Subepithelial invasion | |||
 No | 93 (93.9%) | 94 (97.9%) | 0.279 |
 Yes | 6 (6.06%) | 2 (2.08%) | |
Muscle invasion | |||
 No | 53 (53.5%) | 56 (58.3%) | 0.596 |
 Yes | 46 (46.5%) | 40 (41.7%) | |
Fat invasion | |||
 No | 84 (84.8%) | 82 (85.4%) | 1.000 |
 Yes | 15 (15.2%) | 14 (14.6%) | |
Cancer embolus | |||
 No | 86 (86.9%) | 84 (87.5%) | 1.000 |
 Yes | 13 (13.1%) | 12 (12.5%) | |
Ureteral ends invasion | |||
 No | 94 (94.9%) | 94 (97.9%) | 0.445 |
 Yes | 5 (5.05%) | 2 (2.08%) | |
Lymph node invasion | |||
 No | 95 (96.0%) | 93 (96.9%) | 1.000 |
 Yes | 4 (4.04%) | 3 (3.12%) | |
Hydronephrosis | |||
 No | 71 (71.7%) | 53 (55.2%) | 0.025 |
 Yes | 28 (28.3%) | 43 (44.8%) | |
Urine cytology | |||
 Abnormal | 59 (59.6%) | 53 (55.2%) | 0.635 |
 Normal | 40 (40.4%) | 43 (44.8%) | |
Ureteroscopy | |||
 No | 39 (39.4%) | 43 (44.8%) | 0.536 |
 Yes | 60 (60.6%) | 53 (55.2%) | |
SII | |||
  > 470 | 51 (51.5%) | 41 (42.7%) | 0.277 |
  ≤ 470 | 48 (48.5%) | 55 (57.3%) | |
ALT/AST | |||
  > 0.55 | 72 (72.7%) | 65 (67.7%) | 0.542 |
  ≤ 0.55 | 27 (27.3%) | 31 (32.3%) | |
eGFR | |||
  < 60 | 67 (67.7%) | 63 (65.6%) | 0.879 |
  ≥ 60 | 32 (32.3%) | 33 (34.4%) | |
Tumor stage | |||
  ≤ 2 | 71 (71.7%) | 75 (78.1%) | 0.386 |
  ≥ 3 | 28 (28.3%) | 21 (21.9%) | |
Tumor size | |||
  > 3 | 31 (31.3%) | 40 (41.7%) | 0.176 |
  ≤ 3 | 68 (68.7%) | 56 (58.3%) | |
Tumor grade | |||
 High | 92 (92.9%) | 83 (86.5%) | 0.210 |
 Low | 7 (7.07%) | 13 (13.5%) | |