Table 2 Univariable/multivariable Cox regression analysis and PSM-adjusted Cox regression analysis of the influence of surgery on OS of stage T3–4N0M0/T1–4N1–2M0 SCLC

Surgery vs. no surgery

0.66 (0.59–0.74)

 < 0.001

0.54 (0.48–0.61)

 < 0.001

0.71 (0.61–0.82)

 < 0.001

Sublobectomy vs. no surgery

0.88 (0.71–1.08)

0.223

0.69 (0.56–0.85)

 < 0.001

0.91 (0.70–1.19)

0.488

Lobectomy vs. no surgery

0.58 (0.50–0.67)

 < 0.001

0.48 (0.41–0.56)

 < 0.001

0.60 (0.50–0.73)

 < 0.001

Pneumonectomy vs. no surgery

0.73 (0.44–1.19)

0.201

0.63 (0.39–1.03)

0.068

0.57 (0.28–1.16)

0.124

Lobectomy plus chemoradiotherapy vs. chemoradiotherapy

0.66 (0.54–0.82)

 < 0.001

0.76 (0.61–0.94)

0.010

0.73 (0.56–0.96)

0.023