Table 2 Perioperative parameters in cancer patients who undergone therapeutic single-port 3-dimensional endoscopic-assisted breast surgery (S-P 3D EABS)
ALL (N = 131) | S-P 3D E-NSM (n = 117) | S-P 3D E-BCS (n = 14) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Operative time, min, mean ± SD (median, range) | |||
Total time | 247 ± 113 (212, 85–720) | 245 ± 110 (210, 92–720) | 260 ± 142 (227, 85–615) |
Breast surgery without reconstruction | 191 ± 84 (169, 65–450) | 187 ± 83 (164, 65–420) | 233 ± 92 (227, 85–450) |
Breast surgery with gel implant reconstruction | – | 242 ± 84 (222, 118–494) | – |
Breast surgery with autologous reconstruction | – | 548 ± 100 (524, 430–720) | Omental 615 LD 485 |
Reconstruction time, min, mean ± SD (median, range) | |||
Gel implant reconstruction | – | 72 ± 24 (60.5, 35–178) | – |
Autologous reconstruction | – | 221 ± 36 (210, 190–300) | Omental 165 LD 210 |
Blood loss, ml, mean ± SD (median, range) | 48.4 ± 45.1 (40, 20–260) | 49.7 ± 46.9 (40, 20–260) | 32.8 ± 17.5 (25, 20–80) |
Conversion to open surgery, N (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Length of hospital stay, days, mean ± SD (median, range) | 5.8 ± 2.9 (5, 1–28) | 6 ± 3 (6, 1–28) | 3.9 ± 0.8 (4, 3–6) |
Breast specimen weight, g, mean ± SD (median, range) | 322.9 ± 177.3 (307, 33–850) | 349.4 ± 165.5 (313.5, 36–850) | 76.9 ± 41.4 (67, 33–193) |
Subnipple tissue biopsy, N (%) (NA = 3) | |||
Positive | – | 3 (2.6) | – |
Negative | – | 111 (97.4) | – |
Margin status, N (%) | |||
Involved | 3 (2.3) | 3 (2.6) | 0 |
Uninvolved | 128 (97.7) | 114 (97.4) | 14 (100) |
Complications, N (%) | |||
Hematoma | 1 (0.7) | 1 (0.8) | 0 |
Delayed wound healing | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Seroma requiring needle aspiration | 9 (6.9) | 8 (6.8) | 1 (6.7) |
Small blister formation | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Transient NAC ischemia | 7 (5.3) | 7 (6) | – |
Partial NAC necrosis | 7 (5.3) | 7 (6) | – |
Total NAC necrosis | 1 (0.7) | 1 (0.8) | – |
Temporal color change of skin flap from decreased blood flowa | 4 (3.0) | 4 (3.4) | 0 |
Partial/Full thickness skin flap necrosis | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Implant Infection | 2 (1.5) | 2 (1.7) | 0 |
Implant loss | 1 (0.7) | 1 (0.8) | 0 |
Surgical complications by Clavien-Dindo classification, N (%) | |||
I | 28 (21.5) | 27 (23.1) | 1 (6.7) |
II | 1 (0.7) | 1 (0.8) | 0 |
IIIa | 1 (0.7) | 1 (0.8) | 0 |
IIIb | 2 (1.5) | 2 (1.7) | 0 |
IVa | 0 | 0 | 0 |
IVb | 0 | 0 | 0 |
V | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Oncologic safety, N (%) | |||
Locoregional recurrence (yes) | 2 (1.5) | 2 (1.7) | 0 |
Distant metastasis (yes) | 9 (6.9) | 9 (7.7) | 0 |
Mortality (yes) | 2 (1.5) | 2 (1.7) | 0 |
Follow-up time, months, mean ± SD (median, range) | 34.5 ± 15.6 (36, 10–60) | 36.7 ± 14.5 (37, 10–60) | 13.6 ± 8.8 (11, 10–4) |