Fig. 2

Single-port 3D endoscopic-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy (S-P 3D E-NSM). 2.1 S-P 3D E-NSM with immediate gel implant breast reconstruction (IGBR) for left breast cancer. (2.1a) Preoperative marking. (2.1b) Intraoperative layout. (2.1c) Immediate postmastectomy appearance showing a small incision placed inconspicuously in the axilla. (2.1d) Cohesive gel implant used for breast reconstruction. (2.1e) Postoperative appearance after S-P 3D E-NSM with IGBR. 2.2 S-P 3D E-NSM with transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap reconstruction for right breast cancer. (2.2a) Preoperative marking performed before general anesthesia. (2.2b) Endoscopic dissection of breast skin flap performed with monopolar laparoscopic Metzenbaum scissors. (2.2c) Intraoperative view of a pedicle TRAM flap. (2.2d) Immediate postoperative view after TRAM flap reconstruction. (2.2e) Aesthetic outcomes at 2 months after S-P 3D E-NSM with TRAM flap reconstruction. 2.3 Aesthetic result in S-P 3D E-NSM with IGBR for left breast cancer. (2.3a) Preoperative marking. (2.3b) Anterior view of postoperative appearance after S-P 3D E-NSM with IGBR. (2.3c) Lateral view of postoperative appearance after S-P 3D E-NSM with IGBR. 2.4 Aesthetic result after S-P 3D E-NSM without reconstruction for right breast cancer in a patient with small breasts. (2.4a) Preoperative marking. (2.4b) Lateral view of postoperative appearance after S-P 3D E-NSM without reconstruction. 2.5 Aesthetic result in S-P 3D E-NSM without reconstruction for bilateral breast cancer in a patient with large breasts. (2.5a) Preoperative marking. (2.5b) Mastectomy specimen weight 652 g, right side. (2.5c) Anterior view of postoperative appearance after S-P 3D E-NSM without reconstruction. (2.5d, 2.5e) Lateral view of postoperative appearance after S-P 3D E-NSM without reconstruction