Fig. 1

Intraoperative layout and instruments. a Intraoperative layout of the single-port three-dimensional endoscopic console with a surgeon and an assistant in the operative field. b Operative visualization comparing 2D and 3D system. c Visualization of an operative field on the screen comparing with the naked eyes and 3D goggles in the 3D imaging system. d, e Illustrations demonstrating the insertion of a single port (glove port in d and self-made single port in e) followed by endoscopic instruments (3D endoscope camera, laparoscopic Metzenbaum scissors, and grasping forceps). f–k Instruments used in single-port 3D endoscopic breast surgery