Table 2 Surgical parameters and pathological features
Characteristics | Cytotoxic agent (n = 12) | TKI (n = 16) | ICI (n = 4) | All drugs (n = 32) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Indications for salvage surgery | ||||
 Local progression after drug therapy | 3 (25) | 11 (69) | 1 (25) | 15 (47) |
 Tumor remission to be resectable | 8 (67) | 5 (31) | 3 (75) | 16 (50) |
 Discontinuation of prior drug therapy | 1 (8) | 0 | 0 | 1 (3) |
Surgical procedure | ||||
 Lobectomy | 11 (92) | 14 (88) | 3 (75) | 28 (88) |
 Segmentectomy | 0 | 1 (6) | 1 (25) | 2 (6) |
 Wedge resection | 1 (8) | 1 (6) | 0 | 2 (6) |
Surgical approach | ||||
 Video-assisted thoracic surgery | 7 (58) | 12 (75) | 1 (25) | 20 (62) |
 Open chest surgery | 5 (42) | 4 (25) | 3 (75) | 12 (38) |
Mediastinal lymph node dissection (+) | 8 (67) | 13 (81) | 4 (100) | 25 (78) |
Bronchial stump coverage | 4 (33) | 5 (31) | 1 (25) | 10 (31) |
Bronco-/pulmonary artery plasty | 0 | 3 (19) | 0 | 3 (9) |
Complete resection of the primary lesion | 12 (100) | 13 (81) | 3 (75) | 28 (88) |
Median blood loss volume, mL (range) | 85 (0–1005) | 95 (0–300) | 596 (0–1006) | 100 (0–1006) |
Median duration of operation, min (range) | 194 (47–444) | 218 (77–293) | 345 (182–438) | 218 (47–444) |
Median duration of a chest drain placement, days (range) | 2 (0–5) | 3 (2–27) | 4 (3–6) | 3 (0–27) |
Median postoperative hospital stay, days (range) | 8 (3–34) | 7 (4–30) | 13 (5–22) | 8 (3–34) |
Postoperative complication | 2 (17) | 3 (19) | 1 (25) | 6 (19) |
Pathological stage (yp stage) | ||||
 0 (no residual tumor) | 1 (8) | 1 (6) | 2 (50) | 4 (13) |
 I | 4 (33) | 8 (50) | 0 | 12 (38) |
 II | 1 (8) | 1 (6) | 0 | 2 (6) |
 IIIA | 5 (42) | 3 (19) | 1 (25) | 9 (28) |
 IIIB | 1 (8) | 0 | 0 | 1 (3) |
 IV | 0 | 3 (19) | 1 (25) | 4 (13) |
Histologic type | ||||
 Adenocarcinoma | 9 (75) | 16 (100) | 3 (75) | 28 (88) |
 Squamous cell carcinoma | 2 (17) | 0 | 0 | 2 (6) |
 Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma | 1 (8) | 0 | 0 | 1 (3) |
 Non-small cell carcinoma (NOS) | 0 | 0 | 1 (25) | 1 (3) |
Driver gene alteration | ||||
 ALK | 0 | 1 (6) | 0 | 1 (3) |
 EGFR |  |  |  |  |
 Exon 19 deletion | 1 (8) | 13 (81) | 0 | 14 (44) |
 Exon 21 L858R | 1 (8) | 2 (13) | 0 | 3 (9) |
PD-L1 expression | ||||
 < 1% | 1 (8) | 8 (50) | 1 (25) | 10 (31) |
 1–50% | 1 (8) | 0 | 1 (25) | 2 (6) |
 > 50% | 1 (8) | 0 | 2 (50) | 3 (9) |
 unknown | 9 (79) | 8 (50) | 0 | 17 (53) |
Therapeutic effect of prior treatment (Ef) | ||||
 Ef. 0 | 1 (8) | 2 (13) | 0 | 3 (9) |
 Ef. 1 | 8 (67) | 11 (69) | 1 (25) | 20 (62) |
 Ef. 2 | 2 (17) | 2 (13) | 1 (25) | 5 (16) |
 Ef. 3 | 1 (8) | 1 (6) | 2 (50) | 4 (13) |