Fig. 1

Low HSDL2 expression is related to poor outcomes in patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). A HSDL2 mRNA levels in human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells (HIBEpiCs) and CCA cells (RBE and HCCC9810 cells). B HSDL2 protein levels in HIBEpiCs, RBE cells, and HCCC9810 cells. C Western blotting of HSDL2 expression in 7 pairs of randomly selected CCA and adjacent non-tumorous tissues. D Immunohistochemical analysis of HSDL2 expression in representative CCA and healthy bile duct tissue samples. E Positive staining rate of HSDL2 in 63 cases of tumor tissues and 52 cases of adjacent tissues. F, G Kaplan-Meier curves were applied to analyze differences in DFS (F) and OS (G) between patients with CCA with different HSDL2 expression levels in terms of OS and DFS from GEPIA database. H The plot of HSDL2 expression and prognosis of patients with CCA based on immunohistochemical and clinical data. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n=3). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001