Table 2 Baseline information of the patients in the ESD and surgery groups

Age

8

1017/1317

0.24 [-0.06, 0.53]; P = 0.12

I² = 90.26%; P = 0.00

Sex (male)

8

1017/1317

1.12 [0.93, 1.36]; P = 0.24

I² = 0.00%; P = 0.97

ASA (≥ 3)

2

479/473

0.65 [0.27, 1.56]; P = 0.34

I² = 44.81%; P = 0.18

ECOG (≥ 2)

2

479/473

0.33 [0.17, 0.65]; P = 0.00^*

I² = 59.69%; P = 0.12

Hypertension

3

352/503

0.77 [0.58, 1.03]; P = 0.08

I² = 0.00%; P = 0.53

DM

4

401/547

0.79 [0.53, 1.18]; P = 0.25

I² = 0.00%; P = 0.94

CD

4

401/547

0.66 [0.43, 1.01]; P = 0.06

I² = 0.00%; P = 0.69

CKD

2

181/176

0.46 [0.18, 1.18]; P = 0.11

I² = 0.00%; P = 0.91

Liver dysfunction

3

269/415

0.80 [0.35, 1.82]; P = 0.60

I² = 0.00%; P = 0.58

Tumor size

7

885/1185

-0.93 [-1.92, 0.06]; P = 0.06

I² = 98.82%; P = 0.00

Location

6

Upper

187/293

1.03 [0.80, 1.33]; P = 0.80

I² = 0.00%; P = 0.67

Middle

240/361

0.87 [0.66, 1.16]; P = 0.36

I² = 26.58%; P = 0.24

Lower

468/589

reference

reference

Histology (diff/undiff)

8

1017/1317

1.92 [0.95, 3.86]; P = 0.07

I² = 83.56%; P = 0.00

Invasion depth (M/SM)

5

753/920

2.85 [0.59, 13.75]; P = 0.19

I² = 96.07%; P = 0.00